Mathematics for the Nonmathematician (Dover Books on Mathematics)

This is the greatest book I have ever read. If you are lost and confused and have no idea how to pick up mathematics, I urge you to buy this book. The way mathematics is taught in schools is an atrocious memorization game. This book, on the other hand, will build your knowledge from the ground up, from the most basic logical exercises and arithmetic to calculus and non-Euclidean geometries. The topics covered are immense and thorough. I've been studying this book for around 3 months, starting from almost no mathematical knowledge, not even a knowledge of basic algebra. I am amazed at what I can now do. The other benefit of this book, is that it describes how all of the mathematical fields come together. Therefore, after you have finished studying this book, you will know exactly what you need to study afterwards. I cannot recommend this enough. I wish the author was still alive so that I could thank him.

For a long time, I've been searching for a book exactly like this one. Somewhat embarrassed by my ignorance of math, I wanted to relearn what I had forgotten in college, and perhaps go further. But I didn't want to simply learn math; I wanted to learn its history, how it shaped and was shaped by the cultures in which it grew. This is a tall order, requiring both historical and mathematical understanding; but Kline is equal (or, perhaps, almost equal) to the task.Before I get into the positive qualities of this book, I should note its flaws. As another reviewer pointed out, Kline's beginning chapter on history is inept, even offensive. He heaps praise upon praise when describing the accomplishments of the Greeks, and dismisses the contributions of the Arabs, Babylonians, Egyptians, and Indians with a wave of the hand. He even relays the story of the Arabs destroying the library, which historians have seen fit to doubt as far back as Edward Gibbon. For Kline, mathematics made a brilliant beginning with the Greeks, and then stayed more or less the same until the Enlightenment. The extent to which that is true, I know not; but it at least seems unlikely to me.Thankfully, the book gets markedly better after that. (One shouldn't judge a book by the cover, or even the first chapter, apparently.) For, whatever Kline lacks as a historian, he makes up as a pedagogue. Kline doesn't simply move from arithmetic to geometry to algebra to trigonometry, but instead situates every subject within a specific historical period and practical problem. For example, he teaches trigonometry by using the kind of problems that the Alexandrian Greeks, such as Ptolemy and Eratosthenes, were tackling: the distance from the earth to the moon, the radius of the earth, the establishment of longitude and latitude. Every chapter comes with biographical sketches of the major thinkers involves, as well as some practical problem that the mathematical theory would solve.Following this procedure, Kline manages to take the most abstract of all abstract subjects, and to make it exquisitely human. In school, we are taught trigonometry by showing us how to plug numbers into a calculator. Kline shows us that trigonometry allows us to chart the earth, and measure the heavens. We encounter Newton measuring the refraction of light, and Galileo plotting the course of cannonballs. We learn how sinusoidal motion allows us to measure time, and how the Renaissance painters invented projective geometry in their attempt to create realistic perspective.In sum, Kline shows mathematics for what it is: a tremendously exciting intellectual endeavor--one that has expanded our knowledge of the universe immeasurably. Math is not born of the dreams of philosophers (at least, not exclusively), but has been, and continues to be, integral to the solution of everyday problems. It's curious that something only accessible to the mind allows us to make sense of our senses. In short, Kline has given me the greatest gift a teacher can give--not knowledge, but wonder.

A spectrum exists in the books written by or about mathematicians and mathematics, and this spectrum is heavily weighted at the extremes. At one end, we have books purely verbal, descriptive and, more often than not, hagiographic in their descriptions of great mathematicians and their discoveries. - I suppose one could denominate these as mathematics groupie books. At the other end of the spectrum, we have straightforward mathematics textbooks, rather dry and boring, which roll off the presses with the regularity of the academic terms. To split the difference, to write a literate, narrative book on mathematics, is to attempt something akin to the labours of Hercules and, in the end, impossible to do perfectly, rather like trisecting an angle. Kline, however, does a bang-up job here, and approaches the limit - so to speak - of what is possible. Good show, Morris! But, as many other reviewers have made clear, this book should have printed across its cover the words above the entrance to Plato's Academy: "Let no man ignorant of mathematics enter here." It is a bit of a catch-22 for someone who wants to learn mathematics but is put off by textbooks; you really have to already possess a fluency in the mathematical tongue, to possess a flair for the subject, in order to appreciate the sweep of this really quite grand book. Some pages of the book are simply equation followed by equation leading to a satisfying simplification or representing a derivation. If you can't follow these steps - sometimes quite involved - then you simply won't arrive at the "Aha!" moments which are the chief delight of this book. To quote Kline, "In his wisdom, Thales perceived what we shall perceive as we follow the story of mathematics, that the obvious is far more suspect than the abstruse." The abstruse insights in which this book abounds can only be reached by a competent grasp of mathematical methodology.That being said, Kline is a whimsical and almost lyrical writer - a bit of a shocker for a book on mathematics! He has a wry wit which he gives full rein to herein. In describing the Greeks and their obsession with astronomy, he observes, "The problem of finding the design of planetary motions continued to engage the minds of the Greeks, possibly because they were not distracted by the `heavenly' stars of stage, screen, and radio with whom many modern minds seem preoccupied." His prose is rich in such quips. The book is actually a lark to read at points.But the heart of the book is unvarnished mathematics - with which I have a slight problem. He covers the derivation of trigonometric functions splendidly, as well as their uses, as well as the kinetics, or mathematics of motion. But his account of the calculus is rather sparse for my taste. Any treatment of derivatives and integrals without mention, account or derivation of the fundamental theorem is, to my mind, lacking. Further, his derivation of the quadratic formula is absurdly complex and takes pages. It is true, as one reviewer noted, that most students are only presented with the equation and not given its derivation. But the derivation is - comparatively - simple. I worked it out on my own when I was in school, and it need only cover one page, at maximum.The book is really quite an achievement. But I'm only giving it four stars because it is extremely uneven: No fundamental theorem of the calculus but reams about projectile motion etc. As a bonus, I'll tack on as a comment, once the review is posted, Kline's mischievous proof that 2=1 for the prospective reader to see if he can suss out the flaw in it. If the mathematics leaves you stymied this is not the book for you. On the other hand, if you follow the mathematics quite easily, but are left baffled and staring at the page, determined to suss out the mathematical solecism embedded in it, then you poseess just the sort of questing mind that will delight in this tome!