Vita: Life in a Zone of Social Abandonment

Vita is a haunted place where the inhabitants of such a place are "dead outside, alive inside." The book is of a nightmarish quality. And the frightening aspect of the book the sense of helplessness that poor Catarina was facing. It was a very defeated situation when Catalina was regarded as an insane person by her family and subsequently by the state. Catarina's main problem was being poor in a neoliberal society where people's worth is measured by their wealth and earning abilities. Her poverty was able to transfer her genetic disorder into a mental condition, which will ease Catalina's abandonment and disappearance. The question is, how many Catalinas are there in the world?

though not currant, it is becoming a classic and is about far more than the situation in Brazil.

Great book, very deep!

Disturbing story of a woman who was ill from a genetically "physical" disease where no one wanted to care for her & family abandoned her by way of a politically corrupt healthcare system and many patients were not only abandoned but horribly abused.

Haunting. Arresting. Inspiring. These are some of the adjectives that come to mind to characterize João Biehl's Vita : Life in a Zone of Social Abandonment. These words are usually used in the context of a work of art or a fiction. And indeed, as other reviewers have noted, Vita reads like a novel, and it presents itself like an art book, with its black-and-white photographs and coated pages. Vita carries anthropology to new grounds where boundaries between aesthetics and social science are blurred, and engages the reader with her senses and emotions as well as her intellect and academic references. At the same time, Vita is a work of social science, distinguished by the prestigious Margaret Mead Award of the American Anthropological Association, and it has become an instant classic , as testified by the revised edition by the University of California Press. How can we disentangle art from science, and how to account for the lasting impression this text makes on the reader's mind?According to João Biehl, Vita, a rehabilitation center for drug addicts and social outcasts in Porto Alegre, is much more than a locale. This is how an informant introduced the center to the author: "It's a dump site for human beings. You must go there. You will see what people do to people, what it means to be humans these days." And he was right. As Biehl discovered, "Vita is the end-station on the road to poverty; it is the place where living beings go to when they are no longer considered people." "Zones of social abandonment" such as Vita "accelerate the death of the unwanted". They make visible "realities that exist through and beyond formal governance and that determine the life course of an increasing number of poor people who are not part of mapped populations."One strategy for ethnographic writing would have been to make a theory out of this single case study, and to develop a social critique of the political economy that makes places like Vita possible. This is in part what the author does when he characterizes Vita as a "zone of abandonment" and its occupants are "abandonados" or "ex-humans". These concepts, used or accepted by the respondents themselves, allow to move beyond the case for moral indignation and to operate the shift from the particular to the general that represents ethnography's core method of inquiring. The abandonados do not just speak for themselves; they are "the carriers and witnesses of the ways in which the social destinies of the poorest and the sickest are ordered." They show the limitation of policies and projects of social inclusion for which the municipal government of Porto Alegre and the state of Brazil under Workers Party's rule are often credited.João Biehl's concepts of social abandonment and ex-humans resonate with the theoretical constructs of authors with which he enters into dialogue: Michel Foucaults notions of "biopolitics" and "neo-liberal governmentality", or Giorgio Agamben's philosophical descriptions of "bare life" and "homo sacer". These short theoretical engagements with renowned modern philosophers are weaved into the text or developed into endnotes, and they will be of interest to academic readers. They may open the space for future epistemological developments or new lines or ethnographic inquiry. The book will also be valuable for social activists or human rights militants, who will see in the descriptions of the zones of liminality such as Vita a vindication of their fight for justice and recognition. As Biehl underscores, "the ethnography of Vita makes it painfully clear that there are places in the present, even in a state founded on the premise of inviolable human rights, where these rights no longer exist, where the living subjects of marginal institutions are constituted as something other, between life and death."But Vita is not a theoretical treatise or an ethnographic description of a single locale. It is an anthropology of a single person or, as the author puts it, "the thick description of a single life". There are precedents in the discipline for such endeavour. One can mention in passing works as diverse as Laurence Caillet's The House of Yamazaki, the life story of a Japanese business woman raised in the countryside and who became the manager of an upclass hairdressing salon, or Vincent Crapanzano's Tuhami: Portrait of a Moroccan, a post-modern experiment in psychoanalytic ethnography. But Vita's portrait of Catarina is different. For a start, the central character should never have been allowed to have her say. Successively diagnosed as suffering from schizophrenia, post-partum psychosis, unspecified psychosis, and then mood disorder, she had been muted by the institutions of medicine, family, and social policy.Her abandonment reflected her progressive physical deterioration. The author and his wife first met her training on a stationary bicycle. Thereafter, her limp became more severe, and she was assigned to the immobility of a wheelchair. Her complaints from the ailments she suffered, described as "rheumatism" or "chronic spasms", were never heard by the doctors and social workers who handled her case and who kept her heavily sedated. Pharmaceuticals substituted for her estrangement from social links, and she was categorized as a case of mental illness without due consideration for her physical condition or social environment. Despite the crumbling of all hope, she was able to cling to life and to articulate her interior life in the diaries she constantly kept. Referred to as her "dictionary" ("I write so that I don't forget the words"), these lists of words and sentences scribbled with a trembling hand mirror her personal struggles and provide a document of extraordinary power.Catarina's dialogue with João Biehl goes much beyond the ethnographic encounter between the anthropologist and his informant. It is she who sends him on a quest in order not only to recollect her life story, but to recapture her connection to the living. The result is "a progressive unravelling of the knotted reality that was Catarina's condition - misdiagnosis, excessive medication, complicity among health professionals and family in creating her status as a psychotic - and the discovery of the cause of her illness, which turned out to be a genetic and not a psychiatric condition." It is this connection with Catarina that allows the author to move beyond a monography on Vita to a multi-sited ethnography of the web of institutions, medical and familial, that produced her abandonment. As Biehl notes, "her presumed madness was intimately related to changing political and labor regimes as well as to pharmaceutical forms of knowledge and care that were embedded in nets of relatedness, intimacies, and betrayals."In part, the book reads like a detective story. There are unexpected turns, progressive discovery of the character's background, disclosure of secrets buried deep in medical archives or family closets, and an astonishing finale, which connects Catarina's body to the most generic aspects of human life. Vita is also a first-person narrative, where the author is always present in the account. The book is truly a collaborative work or a dialogic construction of knowledge between the two characters, and its progression mirrors the development of their joint work. Catarina's words, her "dictionary", transform the ethnography into an elegy - we must read them "in the same way we face poetry." They express "the unspeakable of the ordinary", and demonstrate that "a human form of life that is no longer worth living is not just bare life - language and desire continue."

El libro es una joya que debe ser parte de tu biblioteca.

This monograph from Joao Biehl stands as an example of anthropological writing at its best. The anthropologist is reflexively placed within its production, and his interlocutors are allowed space and time through his representations to give as good an account of themselves as is probably possible in anthropology.For any with an interest in anthropology in general this book will be a pleasure to read, with probably just enough new material to make it a worthwhile purchase for owners of the first edition, in my humble opinion.

Very good factual story well written and the discription of the poor people living in those conditions,an eye opener for everyone.